英語的比較級?..那么,英語的比較級?一起來了解一下吧。
英語中的形容詞的一種用法
形容詞有原級,比較級,最高級,
表示:什么比什么更..........
在英語中通常用下列方式表示的詞:在形容詞或副詞前加more(如 more natural,more clearly )或加后綴 -er(newer,sooner )。典型的是指形容詞或副詞所表示的質、量或關系的增加。英語句子中,將比較兩個主體的方法叫做“比較句型”。其中,像“A比B更……”的表達方式稱為比較級。組成句子的方式是將形容詞或副詞變化成比較級的形態。
形容詞比較級的形式
一、形容詞比較級和最高級的構成
形容詞的比較級和最高級變化形式規則如下
構 成 法 原 級 比 較 級 最 高 級
① 一般單音節詞末尾加?er 和 ?est strong stronger strongest
② 單音節詞如果以?e結尾,只加?r 和?st strange stranger strangest
③ 閉音節單音節詞如末尾只有 一個輔音字母,
須先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加?er和?est sad
big
hot sadder
bigger
hotter saddest
biggest
hottest
④ 少數以?y,?er(或?ure),?ow,?ble結尾的雙音節詞,
末尾加?er和?est(以?y結尾的詞,如?y前是輔音字母,
把y變成i,再加?er和?est,以?e結尾的詞仍
只加?r和?st) angry
clever
narrow
noble angrier
cleverer
narrower
nobler angrest
cleverest
narrowest
noblest
⑤ 其他雙音節和多音節詞都在前面加單詞more和most different more
different most
different
1) the most high 〔a〕 mountain in 〔b〕 the world is mount everest, which is situated 〔c〕 in nepal and is
twenty?nine thousand one hundred and fourty one feet high 〔d〕 .
2) this house is spaciouser 〔a〕 than that 〔b〕 white 〔c〕 one i bought in rapid city, south dakota 〔d〕 last year.
3) research in the social 〔a〕 sciences often proves difficulter 〔b〕 than similar 〔c〕 work in the physical 〔d〕 sciences.
二、形容詞比較級或最高級的特殊形式:
1. 三個或三個以上音節的形容詞只能加more和most
只能說 more beautiful而不能說beautifuller; 只能說the most beautiful而不能說beautifullest。
但是,以形容前綴?un結尾的三音節形容詞不適合上述情況,如unhappy,untidy,我們可以說:unhappier→unhappiest, untidier→untidiest
2. 由?ing分詞和?ed分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規則動詞如know→known)只能加more或most來表示它們的比較級和最高級
more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等。
4) the drawings 〔a〕 of the old masters 〔b〕 are among the treasuredest 〔c〕 works in museums 〔d〕 .
3. 英語里有些形容詞由于其詞義而不可能有比較級形式
absolute fatal main right universal
chief final naked simulta- utter
entire foremost perfect neous vital
eternal?inevitable?possible?sufficient?whole?
excellent infinite primary supreme wooden
三、不規則形容詞的比較級和最高級形式
good
well? better??best
bad
ill??worse??worst
many
much? more??most
little
few? less??least
far? farther??farthest
???further??furthest
5) african elephants are larger, fiercer, and difficulter 〔a〕 to tame 〔b〕 than 〔c〕 asian elephants 〔d〕 .
6) sarah hale became 〔a〕 one of the famousest 〔b〕 magazine 〔c〕 editors in the united states during 〔d〕 the 1800’s.
7) of all 〔a〕 the native american tribes 〔b〕 , the shawnee indians were 〔c〕 a most 〔d〕 transient.
四、例題解析
1) a錯。應將“most high”改為highest。這是在考形容詞比較級的構成形式。
2) a錯。改為more spacious。
3) b錯。 改為more difficult。
4) c錯。 treasured 在本句中是?ed分詞(動詞treasure +ed)作形容詞使用,是“寶貴的、珍貴的”意思,修飾名詞 works(作品),其最高級形式應用 the most treasured。
5) a錯,改為more difficult。
6) b錯。改為“the most famous”,因為famous(著名的)是雙音節,其最高級變化應在前面加“the most”。
7) d錯。應改為“the most”,因為此處表示的是最高級,“the most transient”意為“(延續時間)最短暫的”。
第二節 副詞比較級和最高級的形式
副詞比較級和最高級的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣
一般 副詞
hard→harder →hardest
fast→faster →fastest
late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest
特殊 副詞
well →better →best
much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less →least 但是,開放類副詞即以后綴?ly結尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加?er或?est,如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly
〔注〕: early中的?ly不是后綴,故可以把?y變?i再加?er和?est
形容詞與副詞比較級的基本用法
一、原級比較的基本用法
1. 原級比較由“as+形容詞或副詞(或再加名詞或短語)+as ”構成“原級相同”比較句,表示兩者比較;其否定式,即“程度不及”比較句型為“not so(as) +形容詞或副詞+as”,而且as…as結構前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的詞修飾
1) walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .
〔a〕 to run for fifteen minutes
〔b〕 running for fifteen minutes
〔c〕 you run for fifteen minutes
〔d〕 fifteen?minute walking
2) the gorilla(大猩猩), while 〔a〕 not quite as curious than 〔b〕 the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), shows more persistence 〔c〕 and memory retention(記憶力) in solving 〔d〕 a problem.
3) alaska is twice 〔a〕 as larger 〔b〕 as 〔c〕 the next largest 〔d〕 state, texas.
2. “as (so)+名詞+as+名詞”進行名詞比較,這時一般情況下有一個表示原級的比較詞,但如果第一名詞前出現了形容詞修飾該詞或出現副詞修飾謂語,應當用so而不用as
4) thomas jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.
〔a〕 such
〔b〕 more
〔c〕 as
〔d〕 than
5) i should say henry is not much a writer as a reporter. (88年考題)
〔a〕 that
〔b〕 so
〔c〕 this
〔d〕 as
二、比較級
1. 比較級由“形容詞(副詞)比較級+than+…,”構成表示在兩者中間一方比另一方“更加…”。連詞than后可接句子,也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語、介詞短語、動詞、動詞不定式、?ing結構和?ed結構,有時也可省去than。
6) natural mica(云母) of 〔a〕 a superior 〔b〕 quality is cheapest 〔c〕 to obtain than synthetic 〔d〕 mica.
7) she is older than .
〔a〕 any other girl in the group
〔b〕 any girl in the group
〔c〕 all girls in the group
〔d〕 you and me as well as the group
8) josephine mccrackin joined 〔a〕 the “santa cruz sentinel” in 1905 and, until her death fifteen years late 〔b〕 , remained 〔c〕 active in journalistic 〔d〕 work.
2. 注意than前后兩項相比較的人或事物要一致
9) the purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .
〔a〕 ours
〔b〕 with us
〔c〕 for ours it had
〔d〕 it did for us
10) sound travels air.
〔a〕 faster through water than through 〔b〕 faster than through water and
〔c〕 through water faster and〔d〕 where it is faster through water than through
11) gerbrand von den feckhout, one of rembrand’s pupils, followed 〔a〕 the style of his teacher so implicitly that 〔b〕 his paintings 〔c〕 are sometimes confused with his master 〔d〕 .
英語語法中形容詞的一種語法現象。
舉例子跟你說一下:
good 好 它的比較是 “更好”英文是better, 另外,它的最高級是“最好”英文是best
[解釋]在英語中通常用下列方式表示的詞:在形容詞或副詞前加more(如 more natural,more clearly ),或加后綴 -er(newer,sooner )。典型的是指形容詞或副詞所表示的質、量或關系的增加 a. “比較級+ and +比較級”或“more and more +原級”表示“越來越……”. it is getting cooler and cooler. 天氣越來越涼爽。 the wind became more and more heavily. 風變得越來越大。 b. “the +比較級……, the+比較級”,表示“越……越……”。 the more money you make, the more you spend. 錢你賺得越多,花得越多。 the sooner,the better. 越快越好。 c. 表示倍數的比較級用法: a. a is …times the size /height/length/width of b. the new building is three times the height of the old one. 這座新樓比那座舊樓高三倍。(新樓是舊樓的四倍高) b. a is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as b. asia is four times as large as europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。(亞洲比歐洲大三倍) c. a is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than b. our school is twice bigger than yours. 我們學校比你們學校大兩倍。 大多數形容詞(性質形容詞)和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化,即原級、比較級和最高級,用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形,比較級和最高級有規則變化和不規則變化兩種。 1) 規則變化 單音節詞和少數雙音節詞,加詞尾-er,-est來構成比較級和最高級。 構成法 原級 比較級 最高級 一般單音節詞 tall(高的) taller tallest 末尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater greatest 以不發音的e結尾和以- le結尾的雙音節詞只加-r,-st nice(好的) nicer nicest ,able(有能力的) abler ablest 以一個輔音字母結尾的閉音節單音節詞,雙寫結尾的輔音字母,再加-er,-est big(大的) bigger biggest hot熱的) hotter hottest "以輔音字母+y"結尾的雙音節詞改y為i,再加 -er,-est easy(容易的) easier easiest ,busy(忙的) busier busiest 少數以-er,-ow結尾的雙音節詞末尾加-er,-est clever(聰明的) cleverer cleverest narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest 其他雙音節詞和 important(重要的) 多音節詞,在前 more important 面加more,most most important 來構成比較級和 easily(容易地) 最高級。 more easily most easily 2) 不規則變化 原級 比較級 最高級 good(好的)/ better best well(健康的) bad (壞的)/ worse worst ill(有病的) old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest much/many(多的) more most little(少的) less least far (遠的) farther/further farthest/furthest 比較級形容詞或副詞 + than you are taller than i am./ you are taller than me. they lights in your room are as bright as those in mine. 注意: 1)要避免重復使用比較級。 (錯) he is more cleverer than his brother. (對) he is more clever than his brother. (對) he is cleverer than his brother. 2)要避免將主語含在比較對象中。 (錯) china is larger that any country in asia. (對) china is larger than any other country in asia. 3)要注意對應句型,遵循前后一致的原則。 the population of shanghai is larger than that of beijing. it is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 4)要注意冠詞的使用,后有名詞的時候,前面才有可能有名詞。 比較:which is larger, canada or australia? which is the larger country, canada or australia? she is taller than her two sisters. she is the taller of the two sisters. 可修飾比較級的詞 1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等 2)還可以用表示倍數的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。 3)以上詞(除by far)外,必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面 比較級和最高級一般都要一起講吧 the + 最高級 + 比較范圍 1) the sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the,副詞最高級前可不用。 形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義,只表示"非常"。 it is a most important problem. =it is a very important problem. 注意: 使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內。 (錯) tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (對) tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2) 下列詞可修飾最高級,by far, far, much, mostly, almost this hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 注意: a. very可修飾最高級,但位置與much不同。 this is the very best. this is much the best. b. 序數詞通常只修飾最高級。 africa is the second largest continent. 3) 句型轉換: mike is the most intelligent in his class. mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class. 4) "否定詞語+比較級","否定詞語+ so… as"結構表示最高級含義。 nothing is so easy as this. =nothing is easier than this. =this is the easiest thing.
形容詞的比較級和最高級: 形容詞的比較級和最高級形式是在形容詞的原級形式的基礎上變化的。 分為規則變化和不規則變化。
規則變化如下:
1) 單音節形容詞的比較級和最高級形式是在詞尾加 -er 和 -est 構成。
great (原級) greater(比較級) greatest(最高級)
2) 以 -e 結尾的單音節形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加 -r 和 -st 構成。
wide (原級) wider (比較級) widest (最高級)
3)少數以-y, -er, -ow, -ble結尾的雙音節形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加 -er 和 -est 構成。
clever(原級) cleverer(比較級) cleverest(最高級)
4) 以 -y 結尾,但 -y 前是輔音字母的形容詞的比較級和最高級是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 構成.
happy (原形) happier (比較級) happiest (最高級)
5) 以一個輔音字母結尾其前面的元音字母發短元音的形容詞的比較級和最高級是雙寫該輔音字母然后再加 -er和-est。
big (原級) bigger (比較級) biggest (最高級)
6) 雙音節和多音節形容詞的比較級和最高級需用more 和 most 加在形容詞前面來構成。
beautiful (原級)? difficult (原級)
more beautiful (比較級) more difficult (比較級)
most beautiful (最高級) most difficult (最高級)
常用的不規則變化的形容詞的比較級和最高級:
原級 比較級 最高級
good better best
many more most
much more most
bad worse worst
little less least
ill worse worst
far farther(further) farthest(furthest)
形容詞前如加 less 和 lest 則表示"較不"和"最不"
important 重要
less important 較不重要
lest important 最不重要
以上就是英語的比較級的全部內容, ..。