英語虛擬語氣用法總結？ .那么，英語虛擬語氣用法總結？一起來了解一下吧。
一、虛擬條件句： 1）假設的事與現在事實相反：If 主語+過去時（be動詞一律用were），主語+ would （could/might/should）+動詞原形 2)假設的事與過去事實相反：If 主語+had+過去分詞，主語+ would （could/should/might）+have done 3）假設的事與將來事實相反：If 主語+過去時/should do/were to do，主語+ would （could/should互龔皋夾薤蝗鴿偉龔連47;might）+動詞原形 注意：1）if從句中絕對不可出現would 2）在條件句中如果出現were,had,should,would,可省去if，將主語與這些詞倒裝 二、名詞性虛擬語氣 1.在表示命令、建議、要求、驚嘆時的名詞性從句中需用虛擬語氣，基本句型：主語+（should）+動詞原形（suggest、order、demand、propose、command、request、desire、insist） 2.It is desired/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed/ required +that +虛擬（should） 3.suggestion、proposal、order、plan、idea等表示命令、建議、要求、驚嘆的名詞后用虛擬（should) 三、虛擬語氣的其他用語 1.It is necessary/ important/ strange/ natural/ a pity/ a shame/ no wonder + that + (should)+ 動詞原形/ have done 注意：在這種句子中絕不出現“would”“must”“could”等 2.wish后的賓語從句 與現在愿望不一致：主語+過去時 與過去愿望不一致：主語+had + 過去分詞 與未來愿望不一致：主語+ would （could/ might）+ 原形 3.It's time 句型 當 It's （high）time 后用that從句時應為：主語+should +原形；或 主語+過去時（更常用） 4.If only引起的感嘆句相當于“How I wish+ 賓從”（用法與wish一致） 5.would rather 引導的句子表示過去的情況用過去完成時，表示現在或將來的情況用過去時 6.as if / as though 引導的句子，表示過去的情況用過去完成時，表示現在與將來的情況用過去時 7..without、but、but for、otherwise 引導的短語或句子常暗含著含蓄條件（would do/ would have done） 8.錯綜復雜句 根據句中的時間狀語，有時可能出現“混合虛擬”的情況，即主句可能是現在的情況，條件句也許是發生在過去的情況，反之也如此。
一、概念
中文譯作"虛擬語氣"。它是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的某種假設、愿望、懷疑、猜測、建議等含義。
二、語法結構
1.if結構（非真實條件句——表示的是假設的或實際可能性不大的情況）
與..事實相反 If從句 主句
過去 Had done Would* have done
現在 Were/did Would* do
將來 Should do/were/were to do Would* do
例句：If there hadn’t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [過去]
If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [現在]
If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [將來]
備注：
（1）上表中’*’，would都可轉換為should、could、might。
（2) 如果為時間錯綜句的話，左右兩欄可互相搭配，排列組合。
例句：
He would still be alive today if he hadn’t taken that drug.
[與現在事實相反] [與過去事實相反]
(3) if可轉換為其他形式
例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [過去]
（=>可轉換為：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …）
Your notes are almost illegible (難以辨認的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [將來]
(=> 可轉換為：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)
I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[過去]
(=> 可轉換為：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)
2、wish結構
與..事實相反
過去 Had done
現在 Were/did
將來 Would
備注：可轉換為其他形式。
例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. [過去]
I wish I were a bird.
I wish he handn' done that.
I wish I would be rich in the future.
3、should結構
從句中用“should + 動詞原形”構成。而且should可以省去。用于此結構的動詞有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。
例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud.
注意：當insist表示“堅持認為”、suggest表示“表明，顯示”時，不用虛擬語氣。
例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
He insisted that he was honest.
4、would rather ＋從句
在這種結構中，從句的謂語動詞用過去形式表示虛擬。
例句：I would rather you did this instead of me.
5、主語從句中的虛擬語氣
1）It be + 形容詞 + that ．．．（should）．．．
用于該句型的形容詞是：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny,
strange, surprising ．
一些名詞也可以用于 在該結構中。如：a pity， no wonder．．．．
2）It be + 過去分詞 + that ．．．（should）．．．．
用于該結構中的過去分詞是表示“建議、請求、命令”等詞的過去分詞。如：desired， suggested， requested，
ordered， proposed等。
3）It is time（about time， high time）that ．．．（過去式動詞形式或should＋動詞原形）．．．．
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.
6、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣
在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有內涵的名詞后面的表語從句、同
位語從句中，要使用虛擬語氣。其謂語動詞應用：should＋原形動詞。另外連接從句的that不能省
略。
例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once.
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?
三、使用范圍及判斷
1、虛擬語氣表示一種不能實現的假設。該語法主要用于if條件狀語從句。也可用于主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句等。
2、if條件狀語從句中虛擬語氣的判斷
判斷是真實條件句還是非真實條件句。只有在非真實條件句中才使用虛擬語氣。通過句子意思，看假設的條件是否能夠實現，能夠實現是真實條件句，不能使用虛擬語氣；假設的條件不能實現則是非真實條件句，要用虛擬語氣。
判斷這個假設是與哪個事實相反。通常有三種情況：①與過去事實相反。②與現在事實相反。③與將來事實可能相反。
3、“后退一步法”
后退一步法是指在準確地判斷了該句與哪一事實相反后，按虛擬語氣的后退一步法處理從句謂語動詞的時態。即：在非 真實條件狀語從句中，謂語動詞按正常情況“后退一步”。也就是：
1）與過去事實相反，在從句中用過去完成時形式表示。
2）與現在事實相反，在從句中用過去一般時形式表示。
3）與將來事實可能相反，在從句中用過去將來時形式表示。
主句中則用情態動詞would, should, could 等加一個與從句一致的動詞形式。
例：If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.
If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn’t go out.
四、注意事項
1.if條件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒裝語序。
2、在現代英語中if條件狀與從句中的謂語動詞如果是be其過去形式一般用were。
3、wish 后面賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，按“后退一步法”處理從句的謂語動詞。注意：與哪個事實相反，不能以主句的時態為判斷依據，而是根據從句的意義判斷。
1） 虛擬語氣概念
虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。虛擬語氣常在表示條件和結果的狀語從句中。在表示與事實相反的虛擬語氣時動詞有三種時態：現在時，過去時，將來時。
2） 在條件句中的應用
條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設的或實際可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。
常見虛擬語氣用法
1、真實條件狀語從句與非真實條件狀語從句
eg .
If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. ( 真實條件狀語)（不是虛擬語氣）
If he was free, he would ask me to tell stories. （真實條件狀語）（不是虛擬語氣）
If I were you, I would go at once. （非真實條件狀語從句）
If there were no air, people would die. （非真實條件狀語從句）
總結就是 四個字：主將從現，主句用將來時，從句用一般現在時。
2、虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法及動詞形式
① 表示與現在事實相反的情況
eg.
If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我會帶把傘。（事實：我不可能是你）
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就會告訴你。（事實：不知道）
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果沒有水和空氣，地球上就不會有生物。(事實：地球上既有空氣也有水)
If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我帶錢了，我就會借給你些。（事實：沒帶錢）
If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通過考試了。（事實：學習不用功）
②表示與過去事實相反的情況
eg. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。（事實：去晚了）
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。（事實：沒有聽我的話）
③表示對將來情況的主觀推測（可能相反或可能性很小）
eg.If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天來這兒的話，我就跟他談談。（事實：來的可能性很小）
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。（事實：不知能否下雪）
If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一來這兒的話，我就會告訴她這件事得始末。
在表示建議、命令、要求等含義的賓語從句，謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣，"should＋動詞原形"構成，should 可省略。
一.概念: 動詞虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望, 假設, 猜測, 建議, 請求, 意圖, 設想等未能或不可能成為事實的情況, 或者在說話人看來實現可能性很小的情況, 而不表示客觀存在的現實
二.虛擬語氣的表現形式: 通過句中謂語動詞的特殊形式來表現. 這些特殊形式與謂語動詞的某些時態相同, 但它們只表示語氣, 而不表示時態, 但含有一定的時間概念
虛擬語氣的用法
一.虛擬語氣在簡單句中的用法: 謂語動詞用原形或may +動詞原形
1.表示祝愿
a. Long live our country.
b. May you succeed.
c. May you be happy all your life.
2.表示命令
a. Everybody leave the room.
二.虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法: (使用虛擬語氣的含條件句的復合句稱為真實條件句)
1.表示與現在事實相反的情況時, if從句的謂語用動詞的過去式 (be動詞的過去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的謂語用should / would / could / might +動詞原形 (should多用于第一人稱, would多用于二三人稱, could / might可用于所有人稱)
a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.
b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.
c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.
d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.
e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.
2.表示與過去事實相反的情況時, if從句的謂語用had done形式, 主句的謂語用should / would / could / might + have done的形式
a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.
b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam.
c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.
3.表示與將來事實相反的情況時, if從句的謂語形式是: ①.完全動詞過去式 (be的過去式通常用were); ②.should +動詞原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③種情況都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的謂語的形式是: should / would / could / might +動詞原形
a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.
b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.
c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.
d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.
三.虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中用法的幾個變體:
1.條件從句省略if: 在書面語中, 如果條件從句中的謂語中有were, had, should等詞, 可將if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首
a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.
b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.
2.省略條件從句或主句, 省略部分的含義仍有所體現. 省略主句時, 表示己不能實現的愿望
a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to).
b. I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you).
c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起該多好啊)
d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!
3.主從句時間不一致時, 主從句謂語動詞的形式取決于要表示的具體時間
a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.
b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.
4.假設的條件不以條件從句, 而以其他方式如介詞短語、從句等表達出來, 這種句子稱為含蓄條件句
a. What would you do with a million dollars?
b. Without music, the world would be a dull place.
c. We could have done better with more money.
d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.
四.虛擬語氣在as if / though從句中的用法:
1.表示與現在事實相反或對相在情況有所懷疑, as if / though從句謂語用過去式
a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.
b. She looked as if she were ill.
2.表示與過去事實相反的情況, as if / though從句謂語用過去完成式
a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.
五.虛擬語氣在含even if / though從句的復合句中的用法:
在此類復合句中, 若表示與事實相反, 可用虛擬語氣形式. 主從句的謂語動詞形式與非真實條件句相同
a. Even if I were rich, I would work.
六.虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法:
如果表示說話人的看法, 想法或意見, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that從句中, 主語從句中可用虛擬語氣. 主語從句中謂語動詞用should do表示現在或將來情況, 用should have done表示過去情況
a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.
b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice.
c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.
七.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法:
1.在wish的賓語從句中, 通常表示不可能實現或沒有實現的愿望, 常用虛擬語氣
①.wish的賓語從句用過去式, 表示現在或將來沒有實現或不可能實現的愿望
a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.
b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.
c. I wish I could help you.
d. I wish I were young.
②.wish的賓語從句用過去完成式, 表示過去沒有實現或不可能實現的愿望
a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.
b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.
③.wish的賓語從句若用would, 則一般表示請求, 對現狀不滿或希望未來有所改變
a. I wish the prices would come down.
b. I wish you would help me.
c. I wish he would be more careful.
d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.
2.在動詞suggest (建議), advise (建議), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (堅持)后的賓語從句中, 謂語動詞常用( should )+動詞原形的虛擬語氣形式
a. I suggested that we should go there at once.
b. I demand that he should answer me at once.
c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.
d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.
與名詞suggestion建議 / advice 建議 / demand要求 / request要求 / order命令有關的從句(包括同位語從句和表語從句等)中的謂語也用 ( should ) +動詞原形
a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.
b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.
c. I was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should have a map.
d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.
八.虛擬語氣用在句型: It is time that(該做某事了)中: that從句中的謂語動詞用過去式
a. It is time we got up.
九.虛擬語氣用在if only引導的感嘆句中: 表示但愿, 要是就好了, 其中謂語形式與wish的賓語從句相同
a. If only he didn’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.)
b. If only he had taken the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.)
c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)
十.虛擬語氣用在would rather / prefer后的that從句中: 表示現在或將來情況謂語動詞用過去時形式, 表示過去情況動詞用過去完成時形式
a. I would rather he came next Saturday.
b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.
c. I would rather that he painted the house blue
主語從句中的虛擬語氣主要取決于某些形容詞和過去分詞，用來表示建議、命令、要求、驚異和失望等。其形式為：(should)+動詞原形。表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣在表示建議、命令、主張、目的和愿望等名詞后面的表語從句和同位語從句中謂語動詞要求使用虛擬語氣。其形式為：(should)+動詞原形。賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，其形式為：(should)+動詞原形。
虛擬語氣是英語語法里非常重要的知識點，虛擬語氣的用法主要有主語從句里的虛擬語氣，表語從句里的虛擬語氣，賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，其中還包括混合虛擬語氣，含蓄虛擬語氣等。
某些動詞后所接賓語從句中的謂語動詞要求用虛擬語氣，用來表示建議、命令和要求等。其形式為：(should)+動詞原形。在以it為形式賓語的復合賓語從句中也可以用虛擬語氣，其形式為：(should)+動詞原形。這一句型中使用的形容詞(賓補)與主語從句中的虛擬語氣所使用的形容詞相同。wish后面所跟的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣表示某種不能實現的愿望。
虛擬語氣中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虛擬語氣。因為有時假設的情況并不是以if引導的條件從句形式出現，而是通過一些短語等形式暗示虛擬語氣的存在，常用的詞語有with,?without,?but?for,?otherwise,?or，even,?in?case?of,?what?if(如果…將如何)等等，這種句子往往有主句而無從句?(考試時多數情況是對過去的假設)。
表示與現在事實相反的情況，從句：If+主語+動詞一般過去時(Be動詞用were)，主句：主語+ should/would/might/could+do。表示與過去事實相反的情況，從句：If+主語+had+done，主句：主語+should/would/might/could+have done。表示與將來事實相反，從句：if+主語+were to do；if+主語+should+do；if+主語+動詞一般過去式（be動詞用were），主句：主語+should/would/might/could+do。
有時，虛擬條件句中，如果主句和從句的謂語動作若不是同時發生時，虛擬語氣的形式應作相應的調整。這種條件句叫錯綜條件句。 當從句的謂語動詞含有were，should，had時，if可以省略，這時從句要用倒裝語序，即把were，should，had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。
非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數情況下，條件會暗含在短語中，如without…，but for…（要不是因為...）等。有時，虛擬條件語氣的從句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞be的過去時態一律用were，不用was。
以上就是英語虛擬語氣用法總結的全部內容。
